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U. Terazosin Hytrin ; : Timolol maleate Blocadren ; : Valsartan Diovan ; : Verapamil Calan. Some children who don't have good results with nsaid treatment may not be taking the medication regularly. Allergies anti-depressants anti-infectives anti-psychotics anti-smoking antibiotics asthma cancer cardio & blood cholesterol diabetes epilepsy gastrointestinal hair loss herpes hiv hormonal men's health muscle relaxers other pain relief parkinson's rheumatic skin care weight loss women's health allegra atarax benadryl clarinex claritin clemastine periactin phenergan pheniramine zyrtec anafranil celexa cymbalta desyrel effexor elavil, endep luvox moclobemide pamelor paxil prozac reboxetine remeron sinequan tofranil wellbutrin zoloft albenza amantadine aralen flagyl grisactin isoniazid myambutol pyrazinamide sporanox tinidazole vermox abilify clozaril compazine flupenthixol geodon haldol lamictal lithobid loxitane mellaril risperdal seroquel nicotine zyban achromycin augmentin bactrim biaxin ceclor cefepime ceftin chloromycetin cipro, ciloxan cleocin duricef floxin, ocuflox gatifloxacin ilosone keftab levaquin minomycin noroxin omnicef omnipen-n oxytetracycline rifater rulide suprax tegopen trimox vantin vibramycin zithromax advair aerolate, theo-24 brethine, bricanyl ketotifen metaproterenol proventil, ventolin serevent singulair arimidex casodex decadron eulexin femara levothroid, synthroid nolvadex provera, cycrin ultram vepesid zofran acenocoumarol aceon adalat, procardia altace atenolol amlodipine avapro caduet calan, isoptin capoten captopril hctz cardizem cardura catapres cilexetil, atacand clonidine, hctz combipres cordarone coreg coumadin cozaar dibenzyline diovan fosinopril hydrochlorothiazide hytrin hyzaar inderal ismo, imdur isordil, sorbitrate lanoxin lasix lercanidipine lopressor lotensin lozol micardis minipress moduretic normadate norpace norvasc plavix plendil prinivil, zestril prinzide rythmol tenoretic tenormin trental valsartan hctz vaseretic vasodilan vasotec zebeta crestor lipitor lopid mevacor pravachol tricor zocor accupril actos alpha-lipoic acid amaryl avandia diamicron mr gliclazide metformin glucophage glucotrol glucotrol xl glucovance lyrica micronase orinase prandin precose starlix depakote dilantin lamictal neurontin sodium valproate tegretol topamax trileptal valparin aciphex asacol bentyl cinnarizine colospa compazine cromolyn sodium cytotec imodium motilium nexium nexium fast pepcid ac pepcid complete prevacid prilosec propulsid protonix reglan stugil zantac zelnorm zofran propecia, proscar famvir rebetol valtrex zovirax combivir duovir-n epivir pyrazinamide retrovir sustiva videx viramune zerit ziagen aldactone calciferol danocrine decadron prednisone provera, cycrin synthroid avodart flomax hytrin levitra propecia, proscar viagra lioresal soma tizanidine ibuprofen zanaflex accupril alpha-lipoic acid amantadine aralen arcalion aricept ascorbic acid benadryl bentyl betahistine calciferol carbimazole compazine cyklokapron ddavp, stimate detrol dihydroergotoxine ditropan dramamine exelon florinef imitrex imuran isoniazid lasix melatonin myambutol nimotop orap persantine piracetam pletal quinine rifampin rifater rocaltrol strattera ticlid tiotropium urecholine urispas urso vermox zyloprim acetylsalicylic acid advil, medipren celebrex flunarizine imitrex ketorolac maxalt ponstel tylenol ultram benadryl ditropan eldepryl requip sinemet trivastal advil, medipren arava colchicine decadron feldene indocin sr mobic naprelan naprosyn zyloprim betamethasone differin nizoral oxsoralen prograf retin-a xenical advil, medipren allyloestrenol clomid, serophene diflucan evista folic acid fosamax isoflavone nexium parlodel ponstel prevacid prilosec progesterone provera, cycrin rocaltrol tibolone generic tofranil generic name: imipramine hydrochloride ; qty.

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We spin off a new company nearly every month.9 reasons: Karolinska Innovations AB ki innovations Karolinska Research Services AB ki sciencepark companies Centre for Medical Innovations cmi.ki Karolinska Education AB karolinskaeducation.ki Karolinska Investment Fund karolinskafund Starthus Karolinska Institutet kistarthus Karolinska Science Park ki sciencepark Stockholm BioScience stockholmbioscience Novum Research Park novum. P. Della-Latta, S. Whittier. Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Background: In the United States, hepatitis C virus HCV ; is believed to infect over 4 million people. Successful response to therapy has been linked to the patients initial pre-treatment viral load and the genotypic subtype. Our molecular microbiology laboratory supports a very active hepatology service which prompted this current investigation. Our Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation performs over 100 transplants per year including the challenging living adult donor and pediatric donor. Timely and accurate quantitation of viral loads are essential to correlate with therapeutic response rates. Methods: In an effort to optimize patient management and streamline system platforms for quantitation and genotyping, we designed a study to compare the performance of the COBAS TaqMan HCV RUO test and the Abbott Quantitative HCV Viral Load to our current Bayer Versant Branched DNA assay. We analyzed a total of 229 samples positive for HCV RNA. Results: The range of viral load results for all genotypes, 78% of which were genotype 1, was 1.53 x 103 -2.10 x 107. The overall correlations r2 ; of Abbott and Taqman to Bayer were 0.76 and 0.89, respectively. When genotype-specific data was examined, the correlations of Abbott and Taqman to Bayer were 0.98 and 0.95, respectively, for genotype 4 and 0.71 and 0.96, respectively, for genotype 3. These genotypes represented 6% of our samples. Conclusion: We found that the Roche COBAS TaqMan HCV RUO compared favorably with the Bayer Versant Branched DNA assay with respect to correlation of quantitative viral load results for all genotypes encountered. Overall ease of use and work flow were also considered and we determined that the COBAS platform was more amenable for a high volume laboratory such as ours. Additional benefits include automated sample processing, less hands-on manipulations for the assay and same day turn-around-time for results.
R Buckley, F Mulcahy GUIDE Clinic, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland Background: The number of students travelling abroad is increasing yearly. This study raises the issues of the sexual `risk behaviour' among college students when they travel abroad. Method: A quantitative study was conducted among undergraduate students. 385 students were invited to participate, yielding a 78% response rate. Results: 30% had casual sex while abroad. Exploring this group showed 35% had unprotected sex, more males than females. 62% who had casual sex abroad travelled with the intention of having sex, 86% were male. Casual sex was more common among single people however; unprotected casual sex was more common with those who were already in an existing relationship at home. The time during sexual intercourse in which a condom was put on varied from before genital contact to after some penetration, increasing risk for sexually transmitted infections. 98% of the college students were under the influence of alcohol and 79% felt they drank excessively. Perception of risks is lower than behaviour suggests. Conclusion: Many perceive their risk as lower than their behaviour suggests. Addressing this behaviour requires a health promotion campaign challenging how holidays are promoted and addressing the influence of alcohol and drugs on sexual health and correct use of condoms and capoten.
Allergies anti-depressants anti-infectives anti-psychotics anti-smoking antibiotics asthma cancer cardio & blood cholesterol diabetes epilepsy gastrointestinal hair loss herpes hiv hormonal men's health muscle relaxers other pain relief parkinson's rheumatic skin care weight loss women's health allegra atarax benadryl clarinex claritin clemastine periactin phenergan pheniramine zyrtec anafranil celexa cymbalta desyrel effexor elavil, endep luvox moclobemide pamelor paxil prozac reboxetine remeron sinequan tofranil wellbutrin zoloft albenza amantadine aralen flagyl grisactin isoniazid myambutol pyrazinamide sporanox tinidazole vermox abilify clozaril compazine flupenthixol geodon haldol lamictal lithobid loxitane mellaril risperdal seroquel nicotine zyban achromycin augmentin bactrim biaxin ceclor cefepime ceftin chloromycetin cipro, ciloxan cleocin duricef floxin, ocuflox gatifloxacin ilosone keftab levaquin minomycin noroxin omnicef omnipen-n oxytetracycline rifater rulide suprax tegopen trimox vantin vibramycin zithromax advair aerolate, theo-24 brethine, bricanyl ketotifen metaproterenol proventil, ventolin serevent singulair arimidex casodex decadron eulexin femara levothroid, synthroid nolvadex provera, cycrin ultram vepesid zofran acenocoumarol aceon adalat, procardia altace atenolol amlodipine avapro caduet calan, isoptin capoten captopril hctz cardizem cardura catapres cilexetil, atacand clonidine, hctz combipres cordarone coreg coumadin cozaar dibenzyline diovan fosinopril hydrochlorothiazide hytrin hyzaar inderal ismo, imdur isordil, sorbitrate lanoxin lasix lercanidipine lopressor lotensin lozol micardis minipress moduretic normadate norpace norvasc plavix plendil prinivil, zestril prinzide rythmol tenoretic tenormin trental valsartan hctz vaseretic vasodilan vasotec zebeta crestor lipitor lopid mevacor pravachol tricor zocor accupril actos alpha-lipoic acid amaryl avandia diamicron mr gliclazide metformin glucophage glucotrol glucotrol xl glucovance lyrica micronase orinase prandin precose starlix depakote dilantin lamictal neurontin sodium valproate tegretol topamax trileptal valparin aciphex asacol bentyl cinnarizine colospa compazine cromolyn sodium cytotec imodium motilium nexium nexium fast pepcid ac pepcid complete prevacid prilosec propulsid protonix reglan stugil zantac zelnorm zofran propecia, proscar famvir rebetol valtrex zovirax combivir duovir-n epivir pyrazinamide retrovir sustiva videx viramune zerit ziagen aldactone calciferol danocrine decadron prednisone provera, cycrin synthroid avodart flomax hytrin levitra propecia, proscar viagra lioresal soma tizanidine ibuprofen zanaflex accupril alpha-lipoic acid amantadine aralen arcalion aricept ascorbic acid benadryl bentyl betahistine calciferol carbimazole compazine cyklokapron ddavp, stimate detrol dihydroergotoxine ditropan dramamine exelon florinef imitrex imuran isoniazid lasix melatonin myambutol nimotop orap persantine piracetam pletal quinine rifampin rifater rocaltrol strattera ticlid tiotropium urecholine urispas urso vermox zyloprim acetylsalicylic acid advil, medipren celebrex flunarizine imitrex ketorolac maxalt ponstel tylenol ultram benadryl ditropan eldepryl requip sinemet trivastal advil, medipren arava colchicine decadron feldene indocin sr mobic naprelan naprosyn zyloprim betamethasone differin nizoral oxsoralen prograf retin-a xenical advil, medipren allyloestrenol clomid, serophene diflucan evista folic acid fosamax isoflavone nexium parlodel ponstel prevacid prilosec progesterone provera, cycrin rocaltrol tibolone generic trivastal generic name: piribedil ; qty. Examination date is twenty sixth of January Two thousand six . the patient takes the following medications number one glucotrol five milligrams twice a day number two lotensin twenty milligrams daily number three calan s r two forty milligrams daily objective the weight is one sixty two blood pressure is one fifty eighty the chest is clear to percussion and auscultation end of dictation thank you and carbidopa.
Tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, especially aspirin; beta blockers such as atenolol tenormin ; , carteolol cartrol ; , labetalol trandate, normodyne ; , metoprolol lopressor ; , nadolol corgard ; , propranolol inderal ; , sotalol betapace ; , and timolol blocadren calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine norvasc ; , diltiazem cardizem ; , felodipine plendil ; , isradipine dynacirc ; , nifedipine procardia ; , and verapamil calan, isoptin dihydroergotamine e.

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2.5 Drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system and some other antihypertensive drugs.
Directions to Contributors methyleneinterrupted and are of the cis-configuration see Holman RT in Progress in the Chemistry of Fats and Other Lipids 1966 ; vol. 9, part 1, p. 3. Oxford: Pergamon Press ; . Groups of fatty acids that have a common chain length but vary in their double bond content or double bond position should be referred to, for example, as C20 fatty acids or C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The modern nomenclature for glycerol esters should be used, i.e. triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol not triglyceride, diglyceride, monoglyceride. The form of fatty acids used in diets should be clearly stated, i.e. whether ethyl esters, natural or refined fats or oils. The composition of the fatty acids in the dietary fat and tissue fats should be stated clearly, expressed as mol 100 mol or g 100 g total fatty acids. Nomenclature of Micro-organisms. The correct name of the organism, confirming the international rules of nomenclature, should be used: if desired, synonyms may be added in parentheses when the name is first mentioned. Names of bacteria must conform with the current Bacteriological Code and the opinions issued by the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Names of algae and fungi must conform with the current International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Names of protozoa should conform with the current International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Nomenclature of Plants. For plant species where a common name is used that may not be universally intelligible, the Latin name in italics should follow the first mention of the common name. The cultivar should be given where appropriate. Other Nomenclature, Symbols and Abbreviations. Authors should follow current numbers of the Proceedings of the Nutrition Society in this connection. The IUPAC rules on chemical nomenclature should be followed, and the Recommendations of the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature see Biochemical Journal 1978 ; 169, 1114 ; . The symbols and abbreviations, other than units, are essentially those listed in British Standard 5775 19791982 ; . Specification for Quantities, Units and Symbols, parts 013. Day should be abbreviated to d, for example, 7 d: except, for example, `each day', `7th day' and `day 1'. Elements and simple chemicals e.g. Fe and CO2 ; can be referred to by their chemical symbol or formula from the first mention in the text; titles and headings can be taken as an exception. Well-known abbreviations for chemical substances may be used without explanation, thus: RNA for ribonucleic acid and DNA for deoxyribonucleic acid. Other substances that are mentioned frequently may also be abbreviated, the abbreviation being placed in parentheses at the first mention, thus: lipoprotein lipase LPL ; , after that, LPL, and an alphabetical list of abbreviations used should be included. Terms such as `bioavailability' or `available' may be used providing that the use of the term is adequately defined. Spectrophotometric terms and symbols are those proposed in IUPAC Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities and Units 1979 ; London: Butterworths. The attention of authors is particularly drawn to the following symbols: m milli, 10-3 ; , micro, 10-6 ; , n nano, 10-9 ; , p pico, 10-12 ; . Note also that ml millilitre ; should be used instead of cc, m micrometre ; instead of micron ; and g microgram ; instead of . Numbers. Figures should be used with units, for example, 10 g, 7 d, 4 years except when beginning a sentence, thus: `Four years ago . otherwise, words except when 100 or more ; , thus: one man, ten ewes, ninety-nine flasks, three times but with decimal 25 times ; , 100 patients, 120 cows, 136 samples. Ethics of Human Experimentation. The notice of contributors is drawn to the guidelines in the Declaration of Helsinki 1964 ; British Medical Journal 1964 ; ii, 177178 ; , the Report of ELSE as printed in British Journal of Nutrition 1973 ; 29, 149, the Guidelines on the Practice of Ethics Committees Involved in Medical Research Involving Human Subjects, 1990 ; London: The Royal College of Physicians ; and to the Guidelines for the Ethical Conduct of Medical Research Involving Children, published in 1992 by the British Paediatric Association, 5 St Andrew's Place, Regents Park, London NW1 4LB. A paper describing any experimental work on human subjects should include a statement that the Ethical Committee in the Institution in which the work was performed, has approved it. Animal Experimentation. The Editors will reject papers reporting work carried out using inhumane procedures. Authors should indicate that their experiments have been approved by the appropriate local or national ethics committee for animal experiments. Discloser of Financial Support. The source of funding should be identified either in the experiment or acknowledgement section of the manuscript. All potential conflicts of interest, or financial interests of the author in a product or company which is relevant to the article, should be declared. Proofs. PDF proofs are sent to authors in order that they make sure that the paper has been correctly set up in type. Excessive alterations involving changes other than typesetting errors may have to be disallowed or made at the author's expense. All corrections should be made in ink in the margins: marks made in the text should be only those indicating the place to which the correction refers. Corrected proofs should be returned within 48 hours by fax or Express mail ; to the Publications Office, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 10 Cambridge Court, 210 Shepherds Bush Road, London W6 7NJ, UK; by fax + 44 0 ; 7602 1756 or via email edoffice nutsoc . Offprints. A copy of the issue and a PDF file of the paper will be supplied free of charge to the corresponding author of each paper or short communication, and additional offprints may be ordered on the order form sent with the proofs. Nutrition Society 2005 and carvedilol. Recent studies have explored the use of antiepileptic drugs in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. Sixteen percent of those people, including jill perel, were sick enough to require medical attention and cilostazol. Self testing was not a replacement for physician care, counseling or long-term management by the patient’ s healthcare professional team. PASSIVATION O. IRON IN ALKALINE SOLUTION UNDER DI.ERENT TERMAL AND HYDRODINAMIC CONDITION S.A. Kalugina, N.A. Muratova The electrochemical behavior of iron-Armco in borate buffer solution in 20 80 temperature interval under different hydrodynamic conditions has been investigated. On the basis of literary material and our own experimental results a supposition has been made about the nature of substances which are responsible for iron's passive state. It was established that changes of temperature influenced on passivity nature of metal: at t 20 passive film on stationer electrode include Fe OH ; 2, -FeOOH Fe3O4, but at t 50o C Fe3O4 transforms into -Fe2O3. On rotating disk electrode such transition takes place at t 40 oC. PHYSICOCHEMISTRY O. PROTECTION E.ECT APPEARING UNDER SELECTIVE CORROSION O. DOPED BRASSES V.Yu. Kondrashin The interpretation of protection effect observed under selective corrosion of some doped brasses is based on the inclusion of gradient energy of diffusion zone in the general energy of the corresponding potential-determining anodic reaction. General reasons of the change in the tendency of such alloys to selective anodic dissolution and selective corrosion are given in comparison with undoped brasses. SYNTHESIS O. COMPLEX COMPOUNDS O. 4-PHENYL-2, 2, 4-TRIMETHYL-1, WITH COPPER CHLORIDE II ; D.A. Krugovov, G.V. Shmireva, L. Ponomareva, E.V. Snicheva, S.S. Glazkov It has been found, that 4-phenyl-2, 2, 4-trimethyl1, can react with copper chloride II ; to give complex compounds. Powders of that compounds have high melting points and different colours: from dark-green to dark-brown. Derivatogrames and IR spectra have given us an opportunity to suppose the structures of that complex compounds. BENZOXA TIA ; ZOLYL-2-GUANIDES IN SYNTHESIS O. AZAHETEROCYCLES D.W. Krilsky , Kh.S. Shikhaliev, U.A. Kovugine, A.S. Solovyev Heterocyclization of benzoxa thia ; zolyl-2guanidines with -diketones leads to 2[benzoxa thia ; zolyl-2-amino]-pyrimidines, and with 230 and ciprofloxacin.
Bipolar i disorder at least one episode of mania current or past ; usually but not necessarily ; episodes of depression bipolar ii disorder episodes of hypomania and depression no manic episodes mania pathologically elevated or euphoric mood often also irritable ; lasting at least one week!
Remember allergies may be to molds or pollens, foods, or medications and clarinex. New advice from The Irish Medicines Board, IMB ; is that Seroxat should not be used in children and adolescents under the age of 18 for the treatment of depressive illness. This new advice follows the receipt of new data in children under 18 which shows no benefit in the treatment of depressive illness and suggests an increase in the rate of reporting of suicidal thoughts and behaviour in this age group when treated with Seroxat. Q4. What data is this advice is based on?. Calander while value horses faux occidental lower and clindamycin. That way if the patent runs out while the drug is still in development, the company doesn't lose anything.
50mcg ml ampule 500mcg ml kit 2000mcg ml kit 10mg tablet 20mg tablet 5000u ml vial 2500u 0.5ml vial 10000u 2ml vial 350mg tablet 250mg tablet 500mg tablet 2mg ml vial 10mg ml vial 5mg tablet 10mg tablet 20mg vial 25mg capsule 50mg capsule 100mg capsule 800mg tablet 500mg tablet 750mg tablet 100mg ml vial 2mg ml vial 100mg tablet SA 30mg ml ampule vial 1mg ml vial 2mg ml vial 10mg ml vial 100mg ml vial 20mg ml disp syringe vial 500mg irrigation solution 1000 mg irrigation solution 2mg capsule tablet 4mg capsule tablet 6mg ccapsule and clobetasol and calan. Bollens, S. M., and B. W. Frost. 1989. Zooplanktivorous fish and variable diel vertical migration in the marine planktonic copepod Calanus pacificus. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34: 10721083. Bowman, T. E. 1971. The distribution of calanoid copepods off the southeastern United States between Cape Hatteras and southern Florida. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 96: 158. Buskey, E. J., K. S. Baker, R. C. Smith, and E. Swift. 1989. Photosensitivity of the oceanic copepods Pleuromamma gracilis and Pleuromamma xiphias and its relationship to light penetration and daytime depth distribution. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 55: 207216. Buskey, E. J., J. O. Peterson, and J. W. Ambler. 1995. The role of photoreception in the swarming behavior of the copepod Dioithona oculata. Mar. Freshw. Behav. Physiol. 26: 273285. Clarke, G. L. 1933. Diurnal migration of plankton in the Gulf of Maine and its correlation with changes in submarine irradiation. Biol. Bull. 65: 402 436. Clarke, G. L. 1934. The diurnal migration of copepods in St. Georges Harbor, Bermuda. Biol. Bull. 67: 456 460. Conley, W. J., and J. T. Turner. 1985. Omnivory by the coastal marine copepods Centropages hamatus and Labidocera aestiva. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 21: 113120. De Robertis, A., J. S. Jaffe, and M. D. Ohman. 2000. Size-dependent visual predation risk and the timing of vertical migration in zooplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 45: 1838 1844. Fleminger, A. 1956. Taxonomic and distributional studies on the epiplankton calanoid copepods Crustacea ; of the Gulf of Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Forward, R. B., Jr. 1988. Diel vertical migration: zooplankton photobiology and behavior. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev. 26: 361393. Standard method of medical management, what is wrong with the present management and what engineering approaches to the problem can add something new to the medical management. All of that requires that you know something about the organ system and the disease. Nebeker: From the other side, a physician who doesn't understand present technology can't have a full understanding of what's possible or of the significance of the role of the engineer. Arzbaecher: That's true. It goes both ways. The physician who really enjoys collaboration with an engineer is probably the one who learns a little bit about signal processing, instrumentation, electronics, noise, computers, and other things. The computer has been a wonderful instrument for bringing us together because there are a lot of cardiologists with pretty good computer skills. It's all right. Nebeker: Arzbaecher: Nebeker: As we get into doing programming we can be taught very easily. Right. Thank you very much and clotrimazole. Adverse drug reactions the most commonly reported adverse reactions with all three proton pump inhibitors are headache, skin alterations, diarrhea and nausea.

The primary plan pays benefits without regard to any other plan. When the Company-sponsored plan is secondary, it adjusts benefits so that the total payable under both plans for expenses covered under the Company-sponsored plan is not more than would be payable under the Company-sponsored plan. Neither plan pays more than it would without coordination of benefits. Plan means any plan providing medical, dental, vision care, hearing aid benefits, or treatment under individual insurance, group insurance, or any other coverage for individuals in a group, whether on an insured or uninsured basis. Treatment of end-stage renal disease is covered by the Company-sponsored plan for the first 30 months following Medicare entitlement due to end-stage renal disease, and Medicare provides secondary coverage. After this 30-month period, Medicare provides primary coverage and the Company-sponsored plan provides secondary coverage. Coordination of benefit provisions of Company-sponsored HMO plans vary by plan.
Distribution of these two populations was different as both "GAD on" and "GAD off" groups had a significantly greater incidence of 500 m follicles than control rats grafted with native BAS-8.1 cells Table 1 ; . A more detailed examination of this follicle population in the two groups grafted with GAD-67 synthesizing cells Table 2 ; revealed that in "GAD on" rats there were more large 600 m ; than intermediate 500 599 m ; size follicles 37 26 ; and that in the "GAD off" rats this proportion was reversed, i.e. there were more intermediate than large-size follicles 28 37, P 0.025 by x2 test ; . In all three groups a low incidence of follicular cysts and precystic structures follicle type III ; 72 ; was detected in the population of follicles larger than 500 m. This incidence was similar in all three groups 6 of 36 follicles in the group receiving BAS-8.1 cells; 6 of 63 in the "GAD on" group; and 4 of 65 the "GAD off" group. Paroxetine, Fluvoxamine and 8-OH-DPAT Introduction The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs ; paroxetine, fluoxetine, citalopram, fluvoxamine and sertraline are useful therapeutic agents for the treatment of depression, but are also associated with a high incidence of sexual dysfunction Rosen et al., 1999; Waldinger and Olivier, 1998 ; . In humans suffering from premature ejaculation it has been demonstrated that, of all SSRIs, paroxetine delays ejaculation the most whereas fluvoxamine affects ejaculation the least Waldinger et al., 1998a; Waldinger et al., 2004a ; . Comparable results were found in rats Waldinger et al., 2002 ; . Fluvoxamine and paroxetine, like all SSRIs, acutely inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the presynaptic neuron through blockade of the 5-HT transporter. Treatment with fluvoxamine and paroxetine results in elevated extra-cellular serotonin levels Bosker et al., 1995a; Malagie et al., 2000 ; , and it is thought that the accompanying increase of serotonergic neurotransmission accounts for the antidepressant effects of SSRIs Nutt et al., 1999 ; . Serotonergic neurotransmission involves at least fourteen pharmacologically and structurally distinct 5-HT receptor subtypes Barnes and Sharp, 1999 ; . Among them, postsynaptic 5-HT1B and 5-HT2C receptors have been shown to inhibit ejaculation upon activation Ahlenius and Larsson, 1998; Fernandez-Guasti et al., 1992; Fernandez-Guasti and Rodriguez-Manzo, 1992; Foreman et al., 1989; Hillegaart and Ahlenius, 1998; Klint et al., 1992; Watson and Gorzalka, 1991 ; while activation of 5-HT1A receptors has been shown to accelerate ejaculation Ahlenius et al., 1981; Coolen et al., 1997a; FernandezGuasti and Escalante, 1991; Haensel and Slob, 1997; Rehman et al., 1999 ; . It is not yet known why changes in serotonergic neurotransmission during chronic treatment with paroxetine, but not with fluvoxamine, result in delayed ejaculation. One option is that paroxetine activates inhibiting 5-HT1B 2C receptors more strongly than fluvoxamine, at least in brain areas that mediate sexual behaviour. Another possibility is that chronic paroxetine impairs 5-HT1A receptors involved in ejaculation, while inhibitory 5-HT1B 2C receptors remain functional. Interestingly, while many findings are consistent with the notion that chronic treatment with the SSRIs paroxetine and fluoxetine cause desensitization of pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors Davidson and Stamford, 1998; D'Souza et al., 2002; Hensler, 2003; Kantor et al., 2001; Le Poul et al., 2000; Le Poul et al., 1995; Li et al., 1997b; Raap et al., 1999 ; , fluvoxamine apparently does not Bosker et al., 1995b ; . If paroxetine-induced desensitization includes 5-HT1A receptors involved in ejaculation, while fluvoxamine leaves these receptors intact, this could contribute to the dif.




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