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Designing a Longitudinal Database for Tracking Community-Based, Minimally, Cognitively-Impaired Elderly. Principal Investigator ; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, , 000. November, 2000 The Integration of Psychosocial & Medical Care Physician Liaison Concept: Partners in Care ; . Principal Investigator ; Retirement Research Foundation, 5, 000; Michael Reese Health Trust, 9, 000; Janssen Research Foundation, 5, 000; Washington Square Foundation, , 000; Foundation for Health Planning, , 000, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, , 500; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, , 000; Private Philanthropy, 0, 000, Eli Lilly Research, 0, 000. 1999-2003; State of Illinois Department on Aging, 0, 000. Field Foundation, , 000. 2001 2005 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Center Trial to Demonstrate the Clinical Efficacy & Safety of Two Different Doses of Ginkgo Biloba Special Extract Egb 761 in Patients Suffering from Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type According to DSM-IV & NINCDS ADRDA Criteria. Principal Investigator, 1999; Lesley Blake, PI, 2000 ; Willmar Schwabe GmBH & Co., 1, 300, 1999 2000 Council for Jewish Elderly Alzheimer's Initiative. Michael Reese Health Trust, 1998 2001, Project Supervisor ; , 9, 000 Behavioral & Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: Clinical and Research Update. Janssen Pharmaceutica, May 11-13, 1999, Washington, DC, Conference Organizer and Convener for the International Psychogeriatric Association ; , 0, 000 approx. ; A Multi-Center, Double-Blind, Comparison of Efficacy & Safety of Seroquel, Haloperidol & Placebo in the Treatment of Elderly Subjects Residing in Nursing Homes or Assisted Care Facilities and Presenting with Alzheimer's Disease and Psychoses or Other Selected Psychoses. AstraZeneca, 1998 1999 Principal Investigator ; , , 788 Risperidone Versus Olanzapine in the Treatment of Schizophrenia in Elderly Subjects. Janssen, 1998 1999 Principal Investigator ; , , 000 Fluoxetine Versus Placebo in Geriatric Nursing Home Patients with Major Depression. Eli Lilly, 1997 1999 Principal Investigator ; , , 292 A 24-Week, Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Donepezil Hydrochloride E2020 ; in Patients with Dementia Associated with Cerebrovascular Disease. Eisai, Inc. Principal Investigator ; , 1997 1999, , 270 An 8-Week, Multi-Center, Parallel-Group, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of.
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Adjusted for gender post marketing experience: adverse events reported since market introduction which were temporally related to seroquel therapy include: leukopenia neutropenia. Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus recombinant, vaccine . GARDASIL Quazepam . DORAL Quetiapine . SEROQUEL Quinapril . ACCUPRIL Quinapril + Hydrochlorothiazide . ACCURETIC Quinethazone HYDROMOX Quinidine gluconate, extended-release QUINAGLUTE Quinidine Sulfate . QUINIDINE SULFATE Quinine sulfate . QUALAQUIN Quinupristin + Dalfopristin SYNERCID Rabeprazole . ACIPHEX Rabies vaccine IMOVAX Rabies vaccine . RABAVERT Raloxifene . EVISTA Ramelteon . ROZEREM Ramipril . ALTACE Ranibizumab . LUCENTIS Ranitidine . ZANTAC Ranolazine . RANEXA Rasagiline . AZILECT Repaglinide . PRANDIN Reserpine . RESERPINE Respiratory Syncytial Virus immune globulin . RESPIGAM Reteplase . RETAVASE Rho D ; immune globulin . BAYRHO-D Rho D ; immune globulin . RHOGAM Rho D ; immune globulin . RHOPHYLAC Rho D ; immune globulin WINRHO Ribavirin . COPEGUS Ribavirin . REBETOL Ribavirin . RIBASPHERE Ribavirin + Interferon alfa-2b REBETRON Ribavirin, aerosol . VIRAZOLE Rifabutin . MYCOBUTIN Rifampin . RIFADIN Rifampin RIFAMPIN Rifampin + Isoniazid . RIFAMATE Rifampin + Isoniazid + Pyrazinamide . RIFATER Rifapentine PRIFTIN Rifaximin . XIFAXAN Riluzole . RILUTEK Rimantadine . FLUMADINE Rimexolone . VEXOL Risedronate . ACTONEL Risedronate + Calium carbonate . ACTONEL WITH CALCIUM. Blood disorders: rarely, this medication can cause the levels of certain blood cells to drop.

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This table shows us that despite the MSGV being an excellent source of information to help people manage their condition better, there is no ordered referral system. Instead, more than a third 38% ; heard about the support group through their health professional GP, ENT, neurologist or audiologist ; , 26% heard from a friend or relative, 14% via the internet and 22% through advertising or interviews in various media avenues, but mostly through newspapers. This last source could be understated because it is possible that the friends and relatives seeing or hearing an advertisement passed on a cutting or phone number. Home world politics entertainment health tech travel living business sports time cnn video i-report rss feeds hot topics » harry potter • pakistan • earthquakes • air disasters • iraq • al qaeda • michael vick • more topics international edition in association with: health library health video library • health video library note: all links within content go to mayoclinic diseases and conditions spinal cord injury from mayoclinic special to cnn introduction in 1995, actor christopher reeve fell off a horse and severely damaged his spinal cord, leaving him paralyzed from the neck down and rebetol. BRAND NAME SEROQUEL SEROSTIM SERZONE SF SF 5000 PLUS SHOHL'S MODIFIED SIDEROL SIL-TEX SILDEC SILDEC-DM SILICONE MASK SILVADENE SILVER NITRATE SILVER NITRATE APPLICATOR SILVER NITRATE APPLICATORS SILVER SULFADIAZINE SIMETYL SIMPLE THROAT IRRITATIONS SIMUC SIMUC-DM SIMUC-HD SINA-12X SINEMET CR SINEMET-10 100 SINEMET-25 100 SINEMET-25 250 SINEQUAN SINGLE USE SWAB SINGLE-LET SINGULAIR SINUFED TIMECELLES SINUMIST-SR SINUTUSS DM SINUVENT PE SITREX SKELAXIN SKELID SKIN BLEACHING SLO-BID 200 SLO-BID 300 SLO-BID 50 SLO-BID 75 SLO-NIACIN SLOFED 60 SMZ-TMP DS SOD.SULFACETAMIDE SULFUR TF. Modifying the environment. Environmental factors such as lighting, color, and noise can greatly affect behavior. Dim lighting, for example, makes some individuals uneasy, while loud or erratic noise may cause confusion and frustration. The noise of a television set may be frightening. Modify the environment to reduce confusion, disorientation, and agitation. Keep familiar personal possessions visible to ensure comfort and feelings of warmth in your loved one's surroundings. - Planning activities. The key to planning activities is in "knowing the details of a person's life." 38 Help individuals with Alzheimer's organize their time and know what to expect each day. Planned activities help individuals feel independent and needed by focusing their attention on pleasurable or useful tasks. Daily routines such as bathing, dressing, cooking, cleaning, and laundry can be turned into productive activities and may be pleasurable for a housewife. Working on a motor for a mechanic, walking and gardening for a farmer are other examples. Other more creative leisure activities can include singing, playing a musical instrument, painting, walking, playing with a pet, or reading. Planned activities may relieve depression, agitation, and wandering, as well as help affected loved ones enjoy the best quality of life. Drug Treatments Non-drug treatments are not always effective; therefore, severe behavioral symptoms may be best treated with medication. In some cases, drugs that are available for the treatment of cognitive symptoms [such as donepezil HCl Aricept ; , or tacrine HCl Cognex ; ] also may improve behavioral symptoms.39 Several drugs are available for treating behavioral symptoms, and many more are being studied for specific use in helping individuals who suffer from Alzheimer's. Drugs commonly used to treat behavioral symptoms such as agitation, aggression, paranoia, delusions, or depression associated with Alzheimer's include: Anti-psychotics neuroleptics ; - Haloperidol Haldol ; - Olanzapine Zyprexa ; - Quetiapine Seroquel ; - Risperidone Risperdal ; Anti-anxiety drugs - Alprazolam Xanax ; - Buspirone Buspar ; - Diazepam Valium ; - Lorazepam Ativan and ribavirin.
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RES-pih-ra-tor-ee ; Exercises and treatments that help improve or restore lung " sal-PIN-go o-o-for-EK-toe-mee ; Surgical removal of the fallopian tubes and ov "consumer patients or their families or friends ; performance of medical activi NA "Freezing sperm for use in the future. This procedure can allow men to father c "A procedure in which a needle is put into the lower part of the spinal column " splen-EK-toe-mee ; An operation to remove the spleen." " SERJ-uh-ree ; A procedure to remove or repair a part of the body or to find ou "Surgery performed on the digestive system or its parts. MSH98 ; " "Surgery involving the eyes" NA "Surgery performed on the urinary tract or its organs and on the male or female NA "RAEB: NCI Efficacy, safety, cost-effectiveness of technological advances." "A procedure for critical evaluation." " thor-a-KAH-toe-mee ; An operation to open the chest." NA "A repository of the tissue specimen, cells or cell lines, for experimental pur "Surgery to remove the entire pancreas. Part of the stomach, part of the small " TRAY-kee-AHS-toe-mee ; Surgery to create an opening stoma ; into the windpipe. "The replacement of tissue with tissue from the person?s own body or from anoth " TRANZ-yoo-REE-thral ree-SEK-shun ; Surgical procedure to remove tissue from th "A form of radiation used in the treatment of cancer." NA "Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This inclu "Active immunization where vaccine is administered for therapeutic or preventiv " vas-EK-toe-mee ; An operation to cut or tie off the two tubes that carry sperm "RAEB: A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal an "Radiation therapy to the entire body. Usually followed by bone marrow or perip "A technique for enhancing cell-mediated immunity by either artificially increa NA "inspection of one's own body, usually for signs of disease." "Surgery to rebuild a breast's shape after a mastectomy." "Radiotherapy where cytotoxic radionuclides are linked to antibodies in order t "A type of surgery used to treat pancreatic cancer. The head of the pancreas, t " eh-sof-a-JEK-toe-mee ; An operation to remove a portion of the esophagus." " STAIR-ee-o-TAK-tik. ; A radiation therapy technique involving a rigid head f "Treatment that is given after the cancer has not responded to other treatments NA "The removal of tissue or fluid with a needle for examination under a microscop "A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual "heading term for medical terms other than physician specialties; for organizat 1217.

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The newer atypical antipsychotics include olanzapine zyprexa ; , risperidone risperdal ; , quetiapine seroquel ; , ziprasidone geodon ; , and ariprazole abilify.
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[198] Ott, D.A., Mandel, R.J. 1995 ; Amphetamine sensitivity in open-field activity versus the prepulse inhibition paradigm. Brain Res. Bull., 37, 219-222. [199] Peng, R.Y., Mansbach, R.S., Braff, D.L., Geyer, M.A. 1990 ; A D2 dopamine receptor agonist disrupts sensorimotor gating in rats. Implications for dopaminergic abnormalities in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacol., 3, 211-218. [200] Schwarzkopf, S.B., Bruno, J.P., Mitra, T. 1993 ; Effects of haloperidol and SCH 23390 on acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition under basal and stimulated conditions. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 17, 1023-1026. [201] Sills, TL. 1999 ; Amphetamine dose dependently disrupts prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response in rats within a narrow time window. Brain Res. Bull., 48, 445448. [202] Sills, T.L., Azampanah, A., Fletcher, P.J. The adenosine A2A agonist CGS 21680 reverses the reduction in prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response induced by phencyclidine, but not by apomorphine and amphetamine. [203] Swerdlow, N.R., Keith, V.A., Braff, D.L. Geyer, M.A. 1991 ; Effects of spiperone, raclopride, SCH 23390 and clozapine on apomorphine inhibition of sensorimotor gating of the startle response in the rat. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 256, 530-536. [204] Swerdlow, N.R., Caine, S.B., Geyer, M.A. 1991 ; Opiatedopamine interactions in the neural substrates of acoustic startle gating in the rat. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 15, 415-426. [205] Swerdlow, N.R., Zisook, D., Taaid, N. 1994 ; Seroquel ICI 204, 636 ; restores prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in apomorphine-treated rats: similarities to clozapine. Psychopharmacology, 114, 675-678. [206] Varty, G.B., Higgens, G.A. 1998 ; Dopamine agonist induced hypothermia and disruption of prepulse inhibition, evidence for a role of D3 receptors. Behav. Pharmacol., 9, 445-455. [207] Wadenberg, M.S., Sills, T.L., Fletcher, P.J., Kapur, S. 2000 ; Antipsychotic-like effects of amoxapine, without catalepsy, using the prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex test in rats. Biol. Psychiatry, 47, 670-676. [208] Wan, F.J., Swerdlow, N.R. 1993 ; Intra-accumbens infusion of quinpirole impairs sensorimotor gating of acoustic startle in rats. Psychopharmacology, 113, 103-109. [209] Weiss, I.C., Feldon, J., Domeney, A.M. 1999 ; Circadian time does not modify the prepulse inhibition response or its attenuation by apomorphine. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 64, 501-505. [210] Young, K.A., Randopaminell, P.K. Wilcox, R.E. 1991 ; Dose and time response analysis of apomorphine's effect on prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. Behav. Brain Res., 42, 43-48. [211] Yamada, S., Yamauchi, K., Hisatomi, S., Annoh, N., Tanaka, M. 2000 ; Effects of alpha-1 receptor ligand, MS377 on apomorphine- or phencyclidine-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition of startle in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 402, 251-254. Another drug Amisulpride Solian ; , also considered an atypical antipsychotic, acts via a different mechanism. It blocks selectively cereberal D3 D2 receptors, and has no blocking activity on the 5HT2 receptor. Serotonin Dopamine Antagonists currently available in Hong Kong are Clozapine Clozaril ; , Risperidone Risperdal ; , Olanzapine Zyprexa ; , Quetiapine Seroquel ; and Ziprasidone Zeldox ; in order of their time of introduction to the market. The last drug was launched in Hong Kong in November 2002. Clozapine was discovered in Switzerland in 1958 and first marketed in Europe in 1972. It was soon withdrawn due to a 2% incidence of reversible granulocytopenia with some cases progressing to fatal agranulocytosis. However, due to its effectiveness in some cases refractory to other medication, it was re-introduced in the U.S. and approved by the FDA in 1990 as a second line drug for the treatment of schizophrenia. Clozapine has all the properties of a Serotonin Dopamine Antagonist. Its salient features are: 1 ; absent extrapyramidal side effects; 2 ; efficacy in overcoming previous treatment failures; 3 ; it can be used to treat tardive dyskinesia; 4 ; it can be used to treat druginduced psychosis in patients with idiopathic parkinsonism; 5 ; It reduces cases of suicide in schizophrenia. Troublesome side effects are sedation, weight gain 10lbs in 10 weeks ; , postural hypotension, excess salivation and respiratory depression especially when used with benzodiazepines ; . It also has anticholinergic side effects and it lowers seizure threshold. In the median dose range, there is a 3% incidence of seizure per year of treatment. Weekly WBC and absolute neutrophil counts are required for the first 18 weeks, then at less frequent intervals. Patients should be monitored for signs of infection e.g. fever and pharyngitis. Risperidone Risperdal ; was available in the US since 1993. It is an effective first line drug and generally very well tolerated. Its more common side effects include tiredness and sedation which are manageable by an adjustment of dosage. Anticholinergic side effects are negligible. Hypotension may occur in the elderly patient on high doses, especially those with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, but it is not a problem in young adults on usual therapeutic dose of the drug. Dosage reduction is indicated in the elderly. As compared with other Serotonin Dopamine Antagonists, the salient features of Risperidone are 1 ; Extrapyramidal symptoms, though mild & infrequent, are relatively more pronounced. This is dose dependant and is seldom encountered with a daily dose of 2-4mg, which is often adequate and effective in the treatment of acute psychosis; 2 ; Risperidone causes significant prolactinaemia, which many lead to ammenorrhea and galactorrhea in the female, and sexual dysfunction and gynaecomastia in males. It can cause a mild weight gain. Recently a warning was issued regarding the risk of cerebrovascular adverse events e.g. stroke.

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